What is an example of firmware?

Firmware is a type of software that provides low-level control for a device's specific hardware. It is typically stored in non-volatile memory like ROM (Read-Only Memory) chips. An excellent example of firmware is the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). The BIOS is essential for the booting process of a computer, initializing hardware components, and providing a runtime environment for the operating system.

Unlike the other options, which are primarily hardware components or volatile memory (as in the case of RAM), the BIOS includes the necessary instructions for hardware initialization and configuration essential for the proper functioning of the computer. RAM serves as temporary storage for data being processed, while a hard drive is a storage device, and a CPU is the central processing unit responsible for executing instructions. Thus, none of these components serve the same role as firmware in controlling hardware at a fundamental level.