What should be done first before installing a new component in a computer?

Powering off and unplugging the system before installing a new component is crucial for safety and to prevent damage to both the computer and the new hardware. When a computer is powered on, electrical components are active and can carry a current, which poses a risk for electric shock or short-circuiting the motherboard or other components if the new part is installed while the system is still powered. Unplugging the system ensures that there is no electrical current running through the hardware, making the installation process safer.

Additionally, this step helps to prevent static electricity build-up, which can damage sensitive components. It's also a common practice to ground oneself to avoid static discharge during the installation, a process made easier when the system is powered down and unplugged.

While backing up data, updating drivers, and checking for physical damage are all important steps in the maintenance and upgrade process, the immediate priority should always be ensuring the system is safe to work on.