Which of the following terms refers to increasing the clock speed of a component in an effort to increase performance?

Increasing the clock speed of a component to enhance its performance is known as overclocking. This process involves adjusting the settings in the system BIOS or using software to push the component, such as the CPU or GPU, beyond its manufacturer's specified speed. By doing so, users can achieve higher performance levels for demanding tasks, such as gaming or heavy computational work.

Overclocking results in the component executing more cycles per second, thus increasing its potential output. However, it also generates additional heat and can lead to instability if not managed properly with adequate cooling solutions and stable power delivery. This technique is popular among enthusiasts looking to maximize their hardware's performance without the immediate need to invest in new components.

The other terms, while related to performance management, do not accurately describe the act of increasing clock speed. Turbo Boosting refers specifically to a technology implemented by some manufacturers that automatically increases the clock speed of processors when additional performance is needed, but it typically operates within safe limits set by the manufacturer. Throttling indicates a reduction in clock speed to prevent overheating or excessive power consumption, and underclocking is the practice of running a component at a lower clock speed than intended to reduce heat and power usage.